文法重點 (1)：倒裝句

情況1

「否定副詞」放句首，句子要倒裝。

例句
1. I will never forgive you. = Never will I forgive you.
2. I seldom exercise. = Seldom do I exercise.
3. I could not find food anywhere. = Nowhere could I find food.
4. I had no sooner got home than I turned on the air conditioner. = No sooner had I got home than I turned on the air conditioner.
重點：倒裝句必須發生在主要子句。

情況2

「地方副詞」放句首，句子要倒裝。

例句
1. A cat lay under the desk. = Under the desk lay a cat.
重點：地方副詞放句首，倒裝不用do。
2. A bird is singing in the tree. = Singing in the tree is a bird. (正式) = In the tree is singing a bird. (口語)
3. Much gold was buried in his grave. = In his grave was buried much gold.
4. Here comes the teacher. Here she comes.
重點：地方副詞放句首，主詞是代名詞不倒裝。

情況3

「Only + 連接詞/介係詞」放句首，主要子句要倒裝。

例句
1. Only when you apologize to me (,) will I forgive you. (連S V = 副詞子句)
(只有當你向我道歉，我才會原諒你。)
2. Only in my own room (,) do I feel safe. (介係詞 + 受詞 = 副詞片語)
(只有在我自己的房間裡，我才感到安全。)
3. Only a miracle can save you. → 不用倒裝 (因為後面沒有副詞子句/片語)
(只有奇蹟救得了你。)
4. Only by working hard are you going to be a respectable person.
(只有靠努力，你才會成為可敬的人。)

情況4

「So + adj.或Such + N.」放句首，主要子句要倒裝。

例句
1. He was so foolish that everybody laughed at him. = So foolish was he that everybody laughed at him.
(他如此愚蠢，以致於大家都嘲笑他。)
2. He was such a fool that everyone teased him. = Such a fool was he that everyone teased him.
(他是如此這般的笨蛋，所以每個人都嘲弄他。)
重點：這種倒裝句的前提是，句中必須出現so…that或such…that。

情況5

「So或Neither」放句首，句子要倒裝。

例句
1. You are a patriot. So am I. (你是愛國者。我也是。)
2. You cannot swim. Neither can I. (你不會游泳。我也不會。)
重點：
(1) So am I = , and so am I Neither can I. = , and neither can I.
(2) so與neither是副詞。

情況6

「假設句」的倒裝。

例句
1. If you were God, you could do anything. (與現在事實相反)
= Were you God, you could do anything. (如果你是上帝，你能做任何事情。)
2. If you should fail the exam, you would be flunked. (表萬一的假設句)
= Should you fail the exam, you would be flunked. (萬一這次考試你不及格，你將被當掉。)
3. If it had rained yesterday, I might have stayed at home. (與過去事實相反)
= Had it rained yesterday, I might have stayed at home. (如果昨天下雨，我可能會待在家裡。)
重點：「假設句」的倒裝只有上列三種，其它的假設句型皆不能倒裝。

情況7

句中含although或though的倒裝句。

例句
1. Although/Though he was tired, he kept working. = Tired as he was, he kept working.
重點：
將形容詞(主詞補語)tired放句首，although/though改成as。
後面的he was與he kept working都不倒裝。這不是真的倒裝句。
2. Although/Though she is a woman, she is powerful. = Woman as she is, she is powerful.
重點：
將名詞(主詞補語)a woman放句首，although/though改成as。
後面的she is與she is powerful都不倒裝。這不是真的倒裝句。
主詞補語若是名詞，放句首時，前面不能加冠詞。
3. Although/Though he worked hard, he couldn't make enough money. = Hard as he worked, he couldn't make enough money.
重點：
將副詞hard放句首，although/though改成as。
後面的he worked與he couldn't make…都不倒裝。這不是真的倒裝句。

1. At times, it seems like there are not many things that we can give a student who has everything. But given that Christmas is just a few weeks away, _____ is a gift idea.

(A) it
(B) here
(C) that
(D) where

【90學測考古題】
【註解】 given 考慮到 prep.  a gift idea 送禮的點子
【句型】 地方副詞 + be + S (地方副詞放句首，後面要倒裝。)

2. On the floor _____ three dead chickens.

(A) lay
(B) laid
(C) lied
(D) lying

【註解】
lie / lay / lain 躺著 說謊
lay / laid / laid 下蛋；放置

【句型】
地方副詞 + V + S (地方副詞放句首，後面要倒裝。)
地方副詞放句首，倒裝不用助動詞。

3. _____, he never gave up.

(A) Tired as was he(B) Tired as he was(C) Tired as did he(D) Tired as he did

【註解】Although/Though he was tired, he never gave up. = Tired as he was, he never gave up.
【句型】SC + as + S + be, S V. 此句型只有將SC放置句首，後面的S + be並沒有倒裝。

4. _____ that she is extremely popular at school.

(A) So a sweetie she is
(B) So a sweetie is she
(C) Such a sweetie she is
(D) Such a sweetie is she

【註解】
如此…以致於的倒裝句：
(1) S be such N that S V. = Such N be S that S V.
(2) S be so adj that S V. = So adj be S that S V.

5. Up in the sky _____.

(A) an eagle flew
(B) did an eagle fly
(C) flew an eagle
(D) was an eagle fly

【註解】
地方副詞放句首時，後面的主詞與動詞必須倒裝。
但是這種倒裝句不能用助動詞do/does/did。
up in the sky = 地方副詞

【句型】 地方副詞 + be/V + S. (注意：沒有助動詞do/does/did。)

6. Choose a CORRECT sentence.

(A) Little did I know about this new student.
(B) Little was I know about this new student.
(C) Little I knew about this new student.
(D) Little knew I about this new student.

【註解】
否定副詞放句首時，後面的主詞與動詞必須倒裝。
此處的little是否定副詞，意思是「甚少」。

【句型】
(1) 否定副詞 + be + S.
(2) 否定副詞 + 助動詞 + S + VR.

7. _____, I could have finished the work.

(A) If had you helped me
(B) Had you helped me
(C) Have you helped me
(D) Did you help me

【註解】
假設句的倒裝句有三種：
(1) If S were…, S 過去式助動詞 VR. = Were S…, S 過去式助動詞 VR.
→ 表與現在事實相反 (現在不是這樣)
(2) If S had PP…, S 過去式助動詞 have PP = Had S PP…, S 過去式助動詞 have PP
→ 表與過去事實相反 (過去未曾發生)
(3) If S should VR, S 過去式助動詞 VR. = Should S VR…, S 過去式助動詞 VR.
→ 表與現在事實相反 (未來不會發生)
★ 此處的should意思是「萬一」。

8. _____, there would not be any pain or sin.

(A) If the world is Heaven
(B) Was the world Heaven
(C) had the world been Heaven
(D) Were the world Heaven

【註解】
假設句的be動詞過去式不能用was，只能用were。
原句：If the world were Heaven, there would not be any pain or sin.
中譯：如果這世界是天堂，將沒有痛苦或罪惡。

【句型】
If S were…, S 過去式助動詞 VR. = Were S…, S 過去式助動詞 VR.
→ 表與現在事實相反 (現在不是這樣)